Content structure of the preparatory course lectures for study applicants:
Biology, Physiology, Anatomy, Somatology:
- Biology as a science
- History of biology and notable scientists
- Methods of studying living nature
- Criteria for studying and classification of biological sciences
- The cell as the basic structural and functional unit
- General structural and functional properties of the cell
- Microscopic and submicroscopic cell structure
- Basic chemical differences in the structure of DNA and RNA molecules
- Features of cell division (amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis)
- Cell cycle and its regulation
- Division of cells into haploid and diploid
- Differences in somatic cell division, formation of gametes
- Bacteria, general characteristics, common diseases
- Positive and negative properties of bacteria
- Physiological characteristics of bacteria
- Characteristics and classification of viruses and viral diseases (AIDS)
- Mechanism of bacterial cell infection by bacteriophages
- Sexual and asexual reproduction
- Characteristics and significance of chromosomes (haploid, diploid number)
- Importance of heredity for humans
- Mutations, basic groups of mutagens, their properties
- Importance of ecology for individual life
- Properties and composition of blood, its significance
- Blood groups, their importance for the organism
- Hemocoagulation and hemagglutination of blood, differences
- The heart as a pump, its properties
- Characteristics of individual heart sections
- Physical laws of blood flow and mechanical properties of blood
- Elastic properties of vessels and their resistance
- Flow of fluids in the body (blood, lymph)
- Gastrointestinal system
- Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
- Liver, its morphology and function
- Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
- Vitamins and their importance for humans. Diseases caused by deficiency
- Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system in men and women
- Development of a new individual, importance of the placenta, human life stages
- Importance of hormones for humans
- Sex hormones, secondary sexual characteristics
- Structure and function of the respiratory system
- Nervous system, its structure and function
- Reflex arc, its structure and function
- Light perception, photochemistry of vision
- Excretory system, its structure and function
- Drinking regime and its importance
- Musculoskeletal system, its properties and significance
- Structure and function of muscles (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
- Theory and phases of muscle contraction
- Physical properties of the cell membrane, membrane transport
- Tissues, their similarities and differences